China enjoys quasi-monopolies on the refining of a number of critical minerals: 85% of the rare earths, 70% of the world’s lithium, 84% of its nickel and 85% of its cobalt are refined and processed in China.įor local processing capacities to be established, African producing countries must also work to improve their business climate on capital-intensive industrial investments. Midstream, the transformation of critical minerals still largely eludes Africa, which fails to best capture the value of its natural resources. In particular for Western players (EU, USA), who are increasingly sensitive to products that are not only green, but also sustainable and traceable, “so that the energy solutions of the future are not built on the negation of the rights of the people”, as an NGO involved in DRC puts it. Second, to offer an acceptable ore from a political, social (economic impact on local populations, fate of artisanal miners) and environmental (carbon impact) point of view.This also involves the constitution of “national champions”, like OCP in Morocco on a crucial mineral for agriculture (phosphate) or Codelco in Chile, a public company among the world leaders in copper. ![]() This requires an improvement in the business environment to attract the colossal capital needed to develop these deposits, as well as accelerated investment in infrastructure (corridors from the “copper belt” to Tanzania, South Africa and Angola for example). ![]() First, produce more to maximise the role of producing African countries on the world market. ![]() The continent produces more than 70% of the world’s cobalt (DRC-Zambia), 60% of manganese (Gabon, South Africa), 25% of bauxite (Guinea), nearly 15% of copper (“copper belt” of the DRC-Zambia), a significant portion of graphite (Mozambique, Madagascar, Guinea). On the mining upstream, many African countries have been largely endowed with minerals, some evoking a “geological scandal”. READ MORE US looks to Africa to diversify supply chain for critical minerals
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![]() You can make your bird scream though, so I guess that’s something unique this game offers. ![]() If you’re looking for any sort of contemporary features, you won’t really find any. However, the skateboarding arguably has less nuance than skateboarding games from the N64 and PS1 era. You’re not really playing for score much, just doing random missions scattered throughout each map. Granted, what tricks you do don’t particularly matter. This means that if you want to spin your bird to the right, you actually have to hold left on the control stick. When you go up a quarter pipe or half pipe ramp, the camera doesn’t change perspective at all. Things like grinding rails feels like a 50% chance you’ll actually grind it and 50% chance nothing will happen. Something as simple as turning around can cause your bird to just fall off the skateboard. As you start to skate around though, things will just feel bad. ![]() They are reasonably intuitive if you’ve played a skateboarding game in the vein of Tony Hawk’s Pro Skater, this will seem familiar. The controls are unresponsive and clunky. The controls and actual skateboarding mechanics are so bad that it’s hard to imagine this being a real attempt to make something fun, but it also doesn’t lean into being goofy and weird enough for it to feel like that’s what it’s going for. I can’t tell if SkateBIRD is a sincere attempt at a skateboarding game with a gimmick, or of it’s meant to be something akin to Goat Simulator, where it’s sort of bad and janky on purpose to be funny. Luckily, this means that you will never have to spend your time trying to hunt down a PureVPN coupon code. PureVPN is a downloadable software, so there are no physical goods that require shipping. PureVPN does not offer price adjustments or price matching on its services. You have the option to cancel immediately or at the end of the billing period, but you will not receive a refund for any subscription fees already paid. ![]() All you have to do is visit the Member's Area section on the website and fill out the cancellation form. You are free to cancel your PureVPN subscription at any time, no questions asked. With options for major desktops and mobile platforms you can enjoy privacy risk-free on all your devices to make sure that it is the right security solution for your needs. PureVPN Return Policy and Price Adjustment PolicyĪt PureVPN, you can experience the freedom of internet anonymity along with a money-back satisfaction guarantee. PureVPN does not currently have a military discount or a senior citizen discount. Once you have done so, you'll immediately receive an online promo codes that you can apply to your order. You can still enjoy all of the same features as the full price plan, and all you have to do is verify your student status. In partnership with Student Beans, PureVPN offers a 15% off student discount. It doesn’t look like PureVPN offers any cash back rewards or rebates. We have not seen a PureVPN store credit card, and the company does not sell any gift cards either. Signing up for the email list and reading the blog are the best ways to stay in touch with the company and ensure that you aren’t missing any contests, promotional pricing events and other money-saving opportunities. PureVPN does not have a loyalty program or rewards program. To join, simply enter your email address and choose a topic of interest from the drop down menu. If you want to hear about PureVPN promos and online deals as well as the latest news and privacy advice, you should check out the PureVPN blog email newsletter. You can find all kinds of illuminating and useful information about cybersecurity on the PureVPN blog. It’s best to assume that you can’t combine offers, but it never hurts to try. PureVPN does not have a written policy regarding stackable coupons. Visit PureVPN Business VPN to see what services fit your personal or business needs. Businesses can receive special online discounts on PureVPN subscriptions that offer protection for the entire office. ![]() With PureVPN, online privacy isn't just for individuals. Black Friday, Cyber Monday, Christmas, New Years and even Halloween are great times to buy a VPN, as the company offers holiday pricing on these days. You can view a full list of promotions on the PureVPN Deals page, and you can check out all of the current discount codes in the Coupons section. PureVPN is almost always running some sort of promotion for new users, but new and existing users alike can take advantage of online coupons and PureVPN promo codes. ![]() After your trial period ends, you qualify for PureVPN coupons usable for the monthly VPN service plan that fits your needs. Sign up for the week-long trial period and enjoy high-speed streaming of content from anywhere in the world without geographic restrictions. If the price is too steep or you’re on the fence about whether or not PureVPN is right for you, PureVPN offers a trial period for as little as 99 cents. ![]() ^ Lull, Vicente Rihuete-Herrada, Cristina Risch, Roberto Bonora, Bárbara Celdrán-Beltrán, Eva Fregeiro, Maria Inés Molero, Claudia Moreno, Adrià Oliart, Camila Velasco-Felipe, Carlos Andúgar, Lourdes ().Splendor of Ethnic Jewelry: From the Colette and Jean Pierre Ghysels Collection. ![]() Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. The Body Art Book: A Complete, Illustrated Guide to Tattoos, Piercings, and Other Body Modification. ĭuring the Bronze Age in what is today Spain, earlobe plugs were uncommon grave goods, indicating that they were reserved for high-status individuals. Silver plugs, called rombin, are worn by Aka women. Ivory earplugs have been used by the Hmong people. Their stretched piercings, which could reach the size of two inches, later inspired a Spanish nickname for the Inca people: orejones ("big ears"). Inca men wore gold or silver plugs in the ears, which indicated their nobility. In Mesoamerica they were used from as early as the Preclassic Period (2000–100 BC). Their use could sometimes significantly stretch the earlobe. They were most commonly made of gold, silver, or wood, but could also include shells or feathers. They were particularly used among indigenous cultures of the Americas, including Mesoamerican cultures such as the Maya and the Aztecs. Pre-Hispanic earspools crafted from amber, at the Museum of Amber in San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas.ĭuring the ancient Egyptian New Kingdom, both sexes wore a variety of jewelry, including earplugs and large-gauge hoop-style earrings. A flesh tunnel may also have an internally threaded backing, as externally threaded pieces can rip freshly stretched ears.Īlthough flesh tunnels are often worn in the earlobe, other soft-tissue piercings (such as in the nasal septum or nipples) can be fitted with one of an appropriate length. The back of the flesh tunnel may also screw off. If there are no flares, grooves may be cut near the edges to allow rubber or silicone o-rings to hold the jewellery in place. Some flesh tunnels have flares to keep the jewellery from falling out. Flesh tunnels, like flesh plugs, may feature a decorative inlay or semi-precious stones. Flesh tunnels may be worn with a captive bead ring or other object passed through them.įlesh tunnels are fashioned from a broad range of materials, including surgical steel, titanium, Pyrex glass, silicone, acrylic glass, bone, horn, amber, bamboo, stone, and wood. A person may choose to wear flesh tunnels instead of flesh plugs because they weigh less at higher gauges, the weight difference increases. However, the smaller the gauge the smaller the effect to see through the plug becomes. Flesh tunnels are made in smaller gauges. It is also sometimes referred to as a spool, fleshy, earlet, expander, or eyelet.Ī flesh tunnel is usually used in stretched or scalpelled piercings. Surgical steel flesh tunnels in four different gauges.Ī flesh tunnel is a hollow, tube-shaped variety of body piercing jewelry. A grooved plug is a variation on the straight plug, with grooves carved in the material to hold the o-rings snug. A straight plug (or no-flare plug) is a typical-looking cylinder, without flares, and is kept in place by sliding o-rings against both ends of the plug.These plugs give the aesthetic of double-flared plugs without requiring that the wearer's fistulas be large enough to accommodate flares. The no flare end is held in place by an o-ring and may or may not be grooved. A single flared plug has one flared end, usually worn on the front of the piercing, and one end with no flare.No o-rings are needed to keep the plug in the piercing, but the fistula needs to be wide enough to accommodate the flare when the plug is initially put in. A double-flared (or saddle) plug, flares outward at both ends, and is thinner towards the middle.Combinations of these two methods may also be used. In order for a plug to stay put within a piercing, the ends of its cylindrical shape are often flared out, or the plug is fastened in place by o-rings. They can, however, be inserted into any piercing. Plugs are commonly, and have historically, been worn in the ears. Acrylic glass, metal, wood, bone, stone, horn, glass, silicone or porcelain are all potential plug materials. Because of their size-which is often substantially thicker than a standard metal earring-plugs can be made out of almost any material. Modern western plugs are also called flesh tunnels. Totonac figurine wearing prominent earspools.Ī plug (sometimes earplug or earspool), in the context of body modification, is a short, cylindrical piece of jewelry commonly worn in larger-gauge body piercings. For the first couple components, I was trying to desolder and remove the whole component. Although, I used a wick for clean up in a couple places. I used a solder sucker as it seemed to be faster than a wick. Having a rework station would have made things much, much easier, but I wasn’t going to invest in one just for this project. But, once I got the hang of it, things moved along quite quickly. When I first popped the cover off this EQ, I was a little concerned about the number of components I would need to desolder. I also labeled each of the wires attached to the board before removing them. Before doing so, I took several pictures. The board needed to be removed from the enclosure. The Repair: Before getting started, I double checked the parts I had received against the parts list.I was able to source most of the parts from Digikey, but used Mouser for the parts that were out of stock. In those cases, I went with what was soldered to the board. There were a couple minor discrepancies between the schematic and the board. I took a similar tack with the capacitors in that I replaced with higher voltage ratings and lower tolerances in some cases. Per the KF7LZE post, I went with higher wattage resistors and in many cases, lower tolerances. There are a few ceramic capacitors, transistors and other parts that I didn’t bother to replace. Only the resistors and most of the capacitors. Note that I didn’t replace everything on the board. Ordering Parts: Using the schematic (PDF) and the actual board as a cross reference, I made a list (CSV) of all the components I would need to order.I was slightly concerned about by ability to execute, but I was reminded that the EQ didn’t work anyway–no matter what I did, it wasn’t going be any worse. Based on KF7LZE’s blog post, I was confident that, if executed properly, this repair would work. The before and after pictures appear below and there is a parts list in the resources section at the end. I’m happy to report that the repair was a success and, while I haven’t heard for myself yet, I’ve been told that it sounds “awesome” it sounds pretty awesome. He found this post on KF7LZE’s Blog about replacing the old resistors and capacitors to bring the old equalizer back to life and suggested that I give it a go. ![]() One of his EQs worked well, but the other, not so much. These speakers were designed to be used with an active equalizer without it, the sound quality is quite poor. BackgroundĪ friend got sort of a two-for-one deal on some vintage Bose 901 speakers. In this project, a non-functional Bose 901 Equalizer is repaired by replacing the old resistors and capacitors with modern parts. Over the years, vintage audio components can begin to fail due to the age of their electronics. I’m flattered, but I’m not an electronics pro, so I can’t repair other people’s gear. Update : Several people have contacted me asking if I could repair their equalizers or other equipment. ![]() You joined the Star Wars galaxy as Sabine Wren, alongside Rosario Dawson on Ahsoka. So we’ve reached the portion of the interview where we start choosing our words very carefully. I hadn’t been activated in so long, in that way, and so it was a rebirth project for a lot of us. So it was like my restart button of just getting back into everything. And on a personal level, this was the first project I did during the pandemic, slash emerging from the pandemic. Every project is different in terms of how much they want you to stick exactly to the script and how strict they are about it, but Day Shift was the loosest set I’ve ever experienced in terms of freedom around improv. It was the most off-script project I’ve ever experienced. Yeah, I learned a lot from Jamie and Dave in terms of comedy and timing and improv, for sure. Was learning how to adjust during heavy improvisation the biggest lesson you learned on this movie? Moving on.” I thought to myself, “Oh my God, you can’t cut off Jamie Foxx,” but I had to and I did. They would be going off in their jokey improv ways, and I would have to be like, “Alright, that’s enough. I had to cut Jamie off during improv, in a rude way, because my character was done with the two of them joking around or whatever. And it wouldn’t really be fitting for me to join in with the jokes a lot of the time. And my character was the “straight woman” in the comedy sense, so I had a lot of information dumps and exposition dialogue. It’s really fun, but Jamie and Dave would improvise a lot. So I was too engaged to think about it too much, but the hardest thing about the film was that there was so much improv. ![]() He was constantly joking and constantly telling the craziest stories. I mean, he literally walked onto set most days with a boombox, blasting music with his friends and whoever else was there. He is so entertaining from start to finish. Thankfully, he doesn’t give you much time to think too hard about it. With Jamie Foxx, how long does it take to get over the notion that you’re acting in a scene with someone you’ve probably watched for a long time? Well, I didn’t hear a lisp so you’re in the clear. So it came in handy, but I don’t know why the sword is constantly a thing for me. It’s an advantage, but it’s also difficult because I have to unlearn so many things. You already have such a background.” But I sort of approach every project as a beginner because you have to learn and unlearn so much physically to take on this new role and figure out exactly how the physicality of that role complements that character. ![]() Stunt people are always really confident they’re like, “Yeah, you’ve done this before. Crouching Tiger was very wuxia Chinese style, and Day Shift was much more samurai Katana style. ( Laughs.) Yeah, the sword has followed me through this career, hasn’t it? I did have something to go from, but it was really different. Once you started Day Shift, how much of your Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny sword skills were still in you? There are just so many little things that are jarring unless you’re used to stunts, so it definitely helped.”ĭave Franco as Seth, Jamie Foxx as Bud and Natasha Liu Brodizzo as Heather in Day Shift. There are things like not squinting when you’re about to be hit. “Even if you’re a physical person and physically fit, the act of being in a choreographed and really intense fight is still something to get used to. Everything and anything helps,” Bordizzo explains. “ helped a lot, especially with weapons training. Her role as a vampire-hunting vampire required a great deal of stunt training, and it served as a nice warmup for Ahsoka’s own extensive stunt training. So they encouraged, but obviously, I did watch it because how could I not?”īordizzo heard the good news about her Star Wars casting while she was on set with Jamie Foxx, shooting Day Shift, Netflix’s most recent number-one movie worldwide. My character’s memory is already recorded. It’s just this kind of free prep that I never even had to do as an actor because it’s all been done for me. “It’s almost like a memory book that’s what I feel Rebels is for me. While Ahsoka will certainly have its own identity, Bordizzo, during prep, couldn’t help but revisit the animated Sabine Wren (Tiya Sircar) on Star Wars Rebels. It’s just such a great energy and very inspiring,” Bordizzo tells The Hollywood Reporter. “, this lady was trying to pay my character to help her, and my friend and I were like, ‘It’s almost like a young Han Solo kind of feeling.’ So that was just complete chance, and I still think of his role often, energetically, as I’m doing now. Mark Hamill Talks 'The Machine,' His 'Star Wars' Future and Joining Mike Flanagan's Repertory Company ![]() Gamers have generally been receptive to Fortnite’s selection of premium skins, going so far as to sell accounts with much older and more prized skins that are no longer available. Fortnite’s free-to-play business model has revolutionized the way games are developed and how in-game content is packaged, with franchises like Call of Duty and PUBG adopting similar tiered monetization. Monetization comes in the form of V-Bucks, their premium currency, and an optional battle pass but none of these microtransactions improve a player’s performance. Despite some of these concerns, players still buy Legendary items in the game’s store and are willing to pay for premium currency, especially knowing that cosmetic items have no impact on the game’s matches.Įpic Games’ celebrity fueled, pop-cultural phenomenon Fortnite remains one the highest viewed battle royale games on Twitch and across multiple social media platforms. In-game cosmetics are the hot ticket items players often spend their Apex Coins on but there have been criticisms over the price tag of different skins. EA’s battle royale shooter still retains the excitement it introduced back in 2019 and has seen its player base grow to over 100 million players in 2021. In Apex Legends, players have access to three kinds of in-game currency: Crafting Metals (earned through packs), Legend Tokens (earned from leveling up), and Apex Coins (purchased with money). ![]() Its “Gacha” loot box system (named after popular Japanese dispensers called Gachapon) shares some similarities to Unite’s energy reward system and can influence the game. That said, there are some similarities to be drawn between Pokemon Unite and Genshin Impact. ![]() But, because it is possible to pay-to-win here, players are criticizing Unite's microtransactions because fully upgrading a single Held Items costs about $43, bypasses the grind, and directly impacts the outcome of any match - especially paired with the right Pokemon. With most free-to-play games, players are still able to grind for in-game currency to unlock whichever hero, God, or character they want, as well as the few cosmetic items made available for purchase with that currency. ![]() This film incorporates a scene where, when Eddie is killed by Pennywise, Richie is visibly more upset than the rest of the Losers' Club. It is confirmed that Richie's reason for making jokes are just in part a defense mechanism to hide his feelings for Eddie, as most of his jokes target him, as opposed to just trying to be humorous as in the book or other adaptation of IT. In the adaptation of It Chapter Two, Richie is portrayed as being secretly in love with Eddie Kaspbrak until the latter's death, and Eddie remained unaware of these feelings. A popular fan theory of Wolfhard's interpretation of the character is that his family has a tendency to neglect Richie and that he struggles with ADHD. This interpretation of Richie tends to make more pop-culture references and becomes a stand-up comedian as an adult rather than a DJ. Richie was portrayed again by Finn Wolfhard in the 2017 film and as an adult by Bill Hader in the 2019 sequel. The adult portrayal is well known for a scene where Pennywise taunts him in a public library, which has become iconic for Tim Curry's over-the-top performance. Richie was portrayed by Seth Green as a child, and by Harry Anderson as an adult in the 1990 miniseries, and by Ankur Javeri as a child and Nasir Khan as an adult (named "Raja") in the 1998 television series. During the ritual, It mortally wounds and kills Eddie, leaving Richie devastated. Eventually, the group descends into the sewers to kill It by performing the Ritual of Chud. Richie returns to Derry and reunites with The Losers Club, with whom he encounters It once again. ![]() ![]() Richie receives a call from Mike – who remained behind in Derry – that It has returned, causing the death of Adrian Mellon. After this encounter, they believe they have killed It, but they take an oath that if they have not succeeded, they will one day return to Derry to finish the job.Ģ7 years later, Richie is a disc-jockey in Beverly Hills and one of the only members of The Losers Club to have never married. After Bill's younger brother Georgie is killed by Pennywise the Dancing Clown, Richie and his friends each have individual encounters with Pennywise before facing It collectively at Neibolt Street. ![]() Richie is good friends with Bill Denbrough and the other members of The Losers Club Stanley Uris, Eddie Kaspbrak, Ben Hanscom, Beverly Marsh, and Mike Hanlon. Richie is known for his loudmouthed and sarcastic personality, which led to him being called "Richie 'Trashmouth' Tozier" by his peers. Richard (Richie) Tozier was born on Ma(novel), 1950 (miniseries), or 1976 (films) and is the son of Maggie and Wentworth Tozier. He was later portrayed by Finn Wolfhard as a child and Bill Hader as an adult in the 2017 film and its 2019 sequel. He was portrayed by Seth Green as a child and Harry Anderson as an adult in the 1990 miniseries adaptation of the novel, and by Ankur Javeri as a child and Nasirr Khan as an adult in the novel's 1998 television series adaptation. The character is a member of "The Losers Club" and is seen to be the comic relief of the group however, his loudmouthed antics often get him in trouble, leading to him being called "Richie 'Trashmouth' Tozier" and his friends often using the phrase "Beep Beep Richie" when they want him to be quiet. Richard "Richie" Tozier is a fictional character created by Stephen King and one of the main characters of his 1986 novel It. ![]() However, in the thick of the Depression, dealers had little interest in waiting for the Signet to turn a profit "in the long run". Royal had reasoned that the Signet's customers, once having mastered the Signet's simple features, would trade up for a more expensive model. At $29.50, the Signet undercut the dealers' rental and rebuilt-machines business, both critical profit items. The public was buying, but dealers weren't re-ordering. It seems that its low cost and popularity turned out to be its own undoing. It's entirely possible that the Signet was Royal's answer to Remington's no-frills Remie Scout.ĭespite immediate popularity, the Signet was abruptly discontinued after a single year. It is caps-only, with a san-serif italic font designed especially for this machine for maximum readability. ![]() Rolled out with a heavy advertising campaign that included an essay contest, it was marketed as a low-cost alternativeįor "children, housewives, and letter writers". The first of these, the Signet, was made o nly from Autumn, 1932 until about Sept, 1933. Little information is available on this family. Note that although both the red and green versions of this model were manufactured in the same year, the red one has black-background keys and no tabulator, and the green one has white-background keys and a tabulator. This early Royal design is commonly known as the "flatbed".ĭownload the manual for the Model 1 version of this typewriter here. Today, Royal is owned by Olivetti and still sells typewriters, though none with the famous Royal brand. The company still exists, albeit having undergone many incarnations as part of various parent companies. They introduced their first typewriter, the Royal #1, in 1906 and did not stop manufacturing tyepwriters until the 1970s. Royal was one of the longest-lived typewriter manufacturers. Please don't use any of the materials here without my permission. And as the name suggests, this is a quiet machine, even with a rock hard, ancient platen.Genealogy, with a focus on the Seaver, Bilyeu, Amidon, and Lowell branches Every time you sit down at this typewriter, you’ll be energized. You can find solid plastic keys, like on the Olympia SM-line, but there’s something more primal about metal and glass that speaks to the soul. And even in the world of manual typewriters, the glass topped key is king. ![]() It epitomizes what using a manual typewriter is all about, a connection with your words not found on a computer. In the age of plastics, this keyboard feels real. Like any well designed machine, the form is just as important as function. The glass topped keys have a nice concavity, and with their smooth finish, you’ll find your fingers drawn to them day after day. ![]() When you hit the end of a line and slide the carriage return lever, you’re met with a satisfying clicking sound. Its black finish and chrome accent, mirror what writing is about, black words on white paper. The typebars strike the platen with exceptional ease, making fast typing a breeze. Everything about this typewriter is top notch. If you want a solid typewriter that’s stylish and extremely easy to use, go with the Royal Quiet De Luxe. ![]() If it is possible to direct cast content to the Chromecast, we recommend you always do so. You’re using a VPN or other tool to circumvent geo-blocking and you need the video to pass through your computer (and the VPN connection) before going to the television.You want to watch or listen to the content on your TV with additional content, such as a group-watch sidebar with chat content from your friends.You have local content hosted by a media server application like Plex, and you want to direct stream it from the Plex server after picking it out using your PC.Īnd here’s when you should not use direct casting.You want to use your computer to browse content or playlists, but your TV to watch it.Direct casting will provide the cleanest experience. ![]() You are watching video or listening to music hosted by a third-party service such as Netflix, YouTube, or Spotify.When Should (and Shouldn’t) You Direct Cast?ĭirect casting is the process most people are familiar with when they think of using a Chromecast. Simply select the device you want to begin casting the current browser tab immediately to the device. You will see all the available casting devices on your local network. If you’re using Chrome, just select “Cast…” If you’re using Edge, select “More tools” and then “Cast to media device.” Casting a Browser Tab from Chrome or EdgeĬlick on the three-dot icon in the upper right corner of your browser (it’s the same in both Chrome and Edge). It’s useful when you only want to display what is in a particular browser tab and remove the visual clutter of the rest of the screen. To mirror a single web browser table using your Chromecast, you follow the same steps as mirroring your desktop, albeit with fewer options to fuss with. ![]() RELATED: How to Screen Mirror on Roku How to Chromecast a Browser Tab It’s great for giving a demonstration or displaying relatively static things like a photo slideshow from your laptop, but it’s not very good for gaming or other activities where low-latency is ideal. In short, mirroring your whole desktop to a Chromecast or Chromecast-enabled TV is useful when you must see the whole screen for a proper experience, but there are inherent issues with latency and lag when doing so.
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