As the bronchus divided into bronchioles the cartilage amount decreases gradually. The smooth muscles is surrounded by a cartilages layers in main bronchus portion. Below the epithelial layer there is a smooth muscles layer arranged in two ribbons like structure of muscles that spirals around the air tubes. The hollow space (lumen) of the bronchus is lined by a thin layer called epithelial layer (mucous membrane). The alveolus is the basic structure for gas exchange. The bronchioles ends with a sac like structure called alveolus. Each bronchus then divided into number of small tubes called bronchioles. The left bronchus supply to left lungs and right bronchus supply to right lungs. At its end it divides into two smaller tubes called bronchus, one bronchus to each lung. Trachea is also called wind pipe, a 4 inch long hollow tube that connects from larynx to bronchi of lungs. The lower respiratory tract is composed of trachea, bronchial tubes and lungs. The most important function of larynx is to prevent any foreign object to get inside the lungs. The larynx is commonly called as vocal cord because sound is generated there. It is divided into 3 parts – the naso pharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx. The pharynx is part of both digestive and respiratory system. Pharynx is the small hollow tube of 5 inches long run afterward the nasal cavity where both food and air goes through and move to larynx. The nose or nasal cavity is the entrance of respiratory stem that lined with thin layer of mucous membrane that trap the dust particles and the minute hairs called cilia help moves them to the nose then to be sneezed out. The upper respiratory tract composed of nose, pharynx, and the larynx. The respiratory system is divided into two components The respiratory function starts from the nose or nostrils and end at lungs. The whole function of air exchange is carried out by the respiratory system.The respiratory system consists of different parts or segments those takes the active part in respiratory function. When you breath sending oxygen to your whole body and releasing carbon dioxide from the body. The air goes through the nasal passage and air tubes and reaches at lungs where it absorbs to the blood and finally goes to every cell. Each and every cell of our body gets their oxygen to stay alive. The lungs play the major role for gas exchange in our body. There is a cascade of bio reaction that occurs in the air tubes or respiratory tract of an asthma affected person. In asthma the bronchial tubes or air ways get affected. The death and disability from asthma is seen more in children from the age group 2-14. read more are discussed in more detail elsewhere.Asthma is one of the most common health problems affecting around 2 crores of people in India and around 33 crores in whole world level. Most of the drugs used to treat an asthma attack can be used (often in lower doses) to prevent attacks. The Drugs for Preventing and Treating Asthma Drugs for Preventing and Treating Asthma Drugs allow most people with asthma to lead relatively normal lives. Some people need to use more than one drug to prevent and treat their symptoms. Most of the drugs used to prevent asthma attacks are also used to treat an asthma attack but in higher doses or in different forms. Doctors may use the term "rescue treatment" to describe treatment of an acute attack and "maintenance treatment" to describe treatments aimed at preventing attacks. Thus, obesity is an important modifiable risk factor for asthma.Īn array of drugs can be used to prevent and treat asthma in adults or in children (see also Treatment of Asthma in Children Treatment Asthma is a recurring inflammatory lung disorder in which certain stimuli (triggers) inflame the airways and cause them to temporarily narrow, resulting in difficulty breathing. There is no evidence that dietary supplements of these substances prevent the development of asthma however, it has been shown that weight loss can reduce the risk and severity of asthma. Diets low in vitamins C and E and in omega–3 fatty acids have been also linked to asthma, as has obesity. Environmental conditions such as exposures to household allergens (such as dust mites, cockroaches, and pet dander) and other environmental allergens have also been associated with the development of asthma in older children and adults. Risk may also be higher if someone is born prematurely, had a low weight at birth, or was not breastfed. Risk appears to be higher if a person's mother became pregnant at a young age or had poor nutrition during pregnancy. Environmental conditions and circumstances around pregnancy, birth, and infancy have been associated with the development of asthma in childhood and later in adulthood. The causes of asthma are unknown, but asthma likely results from complex interactions between many genes, environmental conditions, and nutrition.
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